Because writes are cached in memory and only flushed to disk at a later time ( page cache), a program that does not flush its writes to disk or terminate normally may result in a zero-byte file.
Zero-byte files may arise in cases where a program creates a file but aborts or is interrupted prematurely while writing to it. On Unix-like systems, the shell command $ touch filename results in a zero-byte file filename. There are many ways that could manually create a zero-byte file, for example, saving empty content in a text editor, using utilities provided by operating systems, or programming to create it.
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